Trending News: NDA Sweeps Goa Zilla Panchayat Polls, PM Modi Thanks PeopleUnexploded Shell Found in Poonch, Area Cordoned Off; Terror Associate Arrested in Separate OperationKashmir University Suspends Faculty After FIR Over Defamation, Obscenity AllegationsNew Bridges Strengthen India’s LAC Position Amid China TensionsIndustry Leaders Cheer India-NZ FTA: FICCI, PHDCCI Hail Zero-Duty Exports, Viksit Bharat BoostGold Loans Surge 128% to ₹3.38 Lakh Cr: RBI Flags Household Shift to Asset-Backed BorrowingPan-India Crypto Scam: 26 Fake Sites Duping Investors with MLM Ponzi ReturnsIndia-New Zealand FTA Deal: Amit Shah Hails USD 20B Investment Milestone, Zero-Duty Boost for TextilesIndia’s REIT Market Tops ₹1.66 Lakh Crore, Overtakes Hong Kong as Returns, Yields and Listings SurgeBangladesh High Commission In Delhi Suspends Visa Services Amid TensionsGold and Silver Hit Record High: Five Reasons Behind Latest Rally In Precious MetalsOracle Co-Founder Larry Ellison’s $40 Billion Guarantee To Beef Up Paramount’s Warner Bros BidJ&K Leader Imran Reza Ansari Appeals to MEA for Safe Return of Stranded Students From BangladeshZerodha CEO Nithin Kamath Considers This As The ‘Heart Of Broking Operations’Harry Kane Hails Bayern Munich’s ‘Energy That’s Hard To Break’ After Dominant 2025Locals Demand Arrest After Video Shows Doctor-Patient Fight at IGMC Hospital in ShimlaRoy Keane Singles Out Manchester United Star After Aston Villa Defeat: ‘You Have To Roll Your Sleeves Up’Delhi’s Air Pollution: Review Meeting To Address Rising Air Pollution Levels Concludes at Delhi SecretariatWill Income Tax Dept Access Social Media Handles From April 1, 2026?‘Sorry Mummy, Papa, I Couldn’t Meet Your Expectations’: Engineering Student Dies By Suicide in Chhattisgarh, Note Mentions Exams StressEnvironment is Not Neglected: Bhupendra Yadav Issues Clarification On the Aravalli Row, Questions ‘Deliberate Misinformation Campaign’How To Ensure Aadhaar-PAN Linking Ahead Of December 31 DeadlineSpeeding Audi Car Collides with Multiple Vehicles in Okhla Phase-1, Driver InjuredGCCs Drive India’s Flex Office Boom, Push Shift to Green, Grade-A Workspaces: VestianFTAs, CEPAs Playing key Role in India’s Goal of Viksit Bharat by 2047: Piyush GoyalIn India-New Zealand FTA, A Hint On Indo-US Trade Deal; Piyush Goyal Drops A ClueGoa Birch Nightclub Fire: Court Extends Police Remand of Luthra Brothers Till December 26India’s Trade Deficit Shrinks To $24 Billion in November: What’s Driving This Improvement?Air India Flight AI-887 Returns to Delhi After Mid-Air Engine Oil Pressure Failure; DGCA Orders ProbeEgypt vs Zimbabwe AFCON Live Streaming: When And Where To Watch Africa Cup of Nations Live In India?UP CM Yogi Adityanath Says ‘No Deaths’ Due To Codeine Syrup, Warns Of Strict Action Under NDPS ActIndian Equities Seen Gaining Momentum Over Medium Term As Earnings Cycle Broadens: ReportExclusive: 2,334-Page Affidavit Exposes How Govt Batted For Mining Of Critical Minerals At Aravalli RangeROHM–Tata Electronics Tie Up to Boost India’s Power Semiconductor ManufacturingItaly Regulator Fines Apple $115 Million For Alleged App Store Privacy ViolationsIndia-New Zealand FTA: 5 Key Sectors To Benefit Amid Deepening Economic TiesZero-Duty Access, Services Mobility To Boost Indian Exports And Jobs Following India-New Zealand FTARaphinha And Lamine Yamal Score As La Liga leader Barcelona Beat VillarrealHow Many Matches Bruno Fernandes Will Miss? Manchester United Boss Ruben Amorim Provides Concerning Injury Update After Aston Villa LossIndia-New Zealand FTA: Five Key Takeaways After PM Modi’s Call With NZ CounterpartAnother DGCA Lifeline: IndiGo Secures Third Extension On Turkish Airlines Lease, Raising Questions Over Post-Operation Sindoor PromisesIndia-New Zealand Announce Free Trade Agreement; PM Modi Holds Telephonic Conversation With CounterpartGurgaon Woman Allegedly Harassed By Rapido Cab Driver, Dropped Her Off Mid-Ride; Accused Arrested‘I Feel Hopeless’: Gujarat Student, Forcibly Recruited Into Russian Army, Sends SOS Video From UkraineOil Up On News The US Intercepted An Oil Tanker Off Venezuela‘It Was Indian BrahMos Banging’: Asim Munir Trolled Over Receiving ‘Divine Help’ During Operation Sindoor ClaimGold Hits Record High On US Fed Rate-Cut Bets; Silver Scales Fresh PeakRally In Indian Markets, Nifty Up 0.6% And Sensex Jumps 500 Pts In Opening But Tariff Concerns Persist: ExpertsBREAKING: Delhi-Mumbai Air India Flight Makes Emergency Landing After Mid-Air Engine ShutdownDomestic Stock Market Fund Raising Remains Strong In FY26; 83 Companies Raise Rs 1.3 Lakh Crore Till Nov: NSE ReportDelhi Pollution Woes: Slight Improvement As Air Quality Remains In ‘Very Poor’ Category, ‘Severe’ In PocketsRupee Set To Slip After RBI’s Double Strike Fuelled Biggest Rally In Six MonthsSensex, Nifty 50 To Open Higher On Rate-Cut Bets, Foreign InflowsRBI May Further Cut Repo Rate By 25 Bps To 5% In February Policy Meet: UBI ReportJammu On Alert: Combing Operation Underway At Railway Station After Chinese-Made Rifle Scope Found Near NIA Headquarters‘Give Me Money Or…’: Online Friend Accused of Sexual Harassment, Blackmail; Bengaluru Woman Attempts SuicideCongress Protests Against VB-G RAM G Act Across Country; Says BJP Cutting ‘Lifeline Of Poor’Bihar Acid Attack: 37-Year-Old Woman Suffers Severe Burn Injuries After Assault In MokamaSecurity Alert In Jammu: Chinese-Made Rifle Scope Recovered Near NIA HeadquartersDhaka Rejects New Delhi’s Statement On Protest Outside Bangladesh High CommissionMaharashtra: 16, including NCP-Ajit Pawar Faction Workers, Injured As Fire Breaks Out During Local Poll Victory Celebrations Near Jejuri TempleOffice Timings Changed, WFH Advisory Issued In Gurugram As Air Quality Worsens‘Trust In Vision Of People-Centric Development’: PM Modi Thanks Voters As BJP Sweeps Maharashtra And Arunachal Pradesh Local ElectionsPower Play In Maharashtra: BJP Emerges As Single-Largest Party In Local Body Polls; CM Thanks People For Decisive Victory‘This Is Just A Trailer’: Fadnavis As Mahayuti Sweeps Maharashtra Local Body PollsBarcelona Rocked by Injury News as Andreas Christensen Ruled Out With ACL Damage‘Red Sacred Thread, Links With RAW: Days After Dipu Chandra’s Killing, Bangladesh Mob Brutally Assaults Hindu Rickshaw DriverEgypt Coach Confident Mohamed Salah Will Rise to the Occasion at AFCON Despite Liverpool CrisisPratapgarh Shocker: Man Lures 9-Year-Old Girl To Deserted Spot, Tries To Rape HerIndia’s Dhakshineswar Suresh Inspires Aussie Mavericks Kites to World Tennis League 2025 ChampionshipPresident Droupadi Murmu Gives Assent To Viksit Bharat; Guarantee For Rozgar And Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Bill, 2025‘Casteist Slurs, Threat To Family’: Air India Express Pilot Responds To Assault AllegationDouble-Engine Government Solving Problems Created By Congress In Assam: PM Modi‘Stop Spreading Misinformation’: Govt Issues Clarification On Aravallis Order, Says ‘Only 0.19% Range Eligible For Mining’Girona vs Atletico Madrid Live Streaming: When And Where To Watch La Liga Match In India?Villarreal vs FC Barcelona Live Streaming: When And Where To Watch La Liga Match In India?Asian Football Confederation To Launch AFC Nations League‘Misleading Propaganda… No Attempt To Breach Fence’: India Rejects Media Reports On Protest Outside Bangladesh High Commission‘Hit with Pipe, Belt’, Differently Abled Teen Thrashed by Boarding School Owners, Disturbing Video SurfaceLiverpool Manager Arne Slot Provides Injury Update On Alexander Isak After Spurs Clash In Premier LeagueHeidenheim vs Bayern Munich Live Streaming: When And Where To Watch Bundesliga Match In India?Will India’s MHCV Industry Regain Momentum Next Year? Nomura Weighs InIndian Railways To Rationalise Ticket Fares From Dec 26; Rs 600 Crore Revenue Boost ExpectedMikel Arteta Insists He Has ‘Belief and Confidence’ in Arsenal’s Premier League Title Bid After Everton Win2 Balloons Marked ‘SGA Pakistan’, Pak Currency Recovered From Jammu and Kashmir, Probe UnderwayBiker Killed On Spot As Speeding Car Rams Into Motorcycle In Karnataka’s HaveriJaish-e-Mohammed Terrorists Barge Into J-K Civilian Home for Food; Search Operation UnderwayStrong Fundamentals To Keep India Among Fastest-Growing Major Economies: ReportManchester United vs Aston Villa Live Streaming: When And Where To Watch Premier League Match In India?Will Musk Be The Only Trillionaire Club Member? Tesla CEO’s Net Worth Surpasses $700 Billion MarkKylian Mbappe Matches ‘Idol’ Cristiano Ronaldo’s Real Madrid Record, Pays Heartfelt Tribute To CR7: ‘My Celebration Is For Him’PM Modi Pays Homage To Martyrs Of Assam Movement At Swahid Smarak Kshetra In GuwahatiMan With Rs 1 Lakh Bounty Shot Dead In Late Night Encounter With UP Police‘Who Are Your Children Friends With?’ J-K Police Launch Awareness Drive Against Online Radicalization After Red Fort BlastTwo Flights Cancelled as Dense Fog Disrupts Flight Operations in AyodhyaDelhi Pollution Worsens: AQI Shoots Up To 438, Thick Blanket OF Smog Blankets CityIndiGo Warns Of Flight Disruptions Due To Fog In Delhi And Northern India, Issues AdvisoryDelhi Traffic Police Crack Down On Polluting Vehicles, 2686 Fines Issued For Violations‘Major Boost To Assam’s Infrastructure, Tourism’: PM Modi After Inaugurating New Guwahati Airport Terminal612 Industries Face Closure Action: Delhi Minister Warns Of Further Crackdown On Violators During GRAP-IV
Fri. Dec 26th, 2025
Trending News: NDA Sweeps Goa Zilla Panchayat Polls, PM Modi Thanks PeopleUnexploded Shell Found in Poonch, Area Cordoned Off; Terror Associate Arrested in Separate OperationKashmir University Suspends Faculty After FIR Over Defamation, Obscenity AllegationsNew Bridges Strengthen India’s LAC Position Amid China TensionsIndustry Leaders Cheer India-NZ FTA: FICCI, PHDCCI Hail Zero-Duty Exports, Viksit Bharat BoostGold Loans Surge 128% to ₹3.38 Lakh Cr: RBI Flags Household Shift to Asset-Backed BorrowingPan-India Crypto Scam: 26 Fake Sites Duping Investors with MLM Ponzi ReturnsIndia-New Zealand FTA Deal: Amit Shah Hails USD 20B Investment Milestone, Zero-Duty Boost for TextilesIndia’s REIT Market Tops ₹1.66 Lakh Crore, Overtakes Hong Kong as Returns, Yields and Listings SurgeBangladesh High Commission In Delhi Suspends Visa Services Amid TensionsGold and Silver Hit Record High: Five Reasons Behind Latest Rally In Precious MetalsOracle Co-Founder Larry Ellison’s $40 Billion Guarantee To Beef Up Paramount’s Warner Bros BidJ&K Leader Imran Reza Ansari Appeals to MEA for Safe Return of Stranded Students From BangladeshZerodha CEO Nithin Kamath Considers This As The ‘Heart Of Broking Operations’Harry Kane Hails Bayern Munich’s ‘Energy That’s Hard To Break’ After Dominant 2025Locals Demand Arrest After Video Shows Doctor-Patient Fight at IGMC Hospital in ShimlaRoy Keane Singles Out Manchester United Star After Aston Villa Defeat: ‘You Have To Roll Your Sleeves Up’Delhi’s Air Pollution: Review Meeting To Address Rising Air Pollution Levels Concludes at Delhi SecretariatWill Income Tax Dept Access Social Media Handles From April 1, 2026?‘Sorry Mummy, Papa, I Couldn’t Meet Your Expectations’: Engineering Student Dies By Suicide in Chhattisgarh, Note Mentions Exams StressEnvironment is Not Neglected: Bhupendra Yadav Issues Clarification On the Aravalli Row, Questions ‘Deliberate Misinformation Campaign’How To Ensure Aadhaar-PAN Linking Ahead Of December 31 DeadlineSpeeding Audi Car Collides with Multiple Vehicles in Okhla Phase-1, Driver InjuredGCCs Drive India’s Flex Office Boom, Push Shift to Green, Grade-A Workspaces: VestianFTAs, CEPAs Playing key Role in India’s Goal of Viksit Bharat by 2047: Piyush GoyalIn India-New Zealand FTA, A Hint On Indo-US Trade Deal; Piyush Goyal Drops A ClueGoa Birch Nightclub Fire: Court Extends Police Remand of Luthra Brothers Till December 26India’s Trade Deficit Shrinks To $24 Billion in November: What’s Driving This Improvement?Air India Flight AI-887 Returns to Delhi After Mid-Air Engine Oil Pressure Failure; DGCA Orders ProbeEgypt vs Zimbabwe AFCON Live Streaming: When And Where To Watch Africa Cup of Nations Live In India?UP CM Yogi Adityanath Says ‘No Deaths’ Due To Codeine Syrup, Warns Of Strict Action Under NDPS ActIndian Equities Seen Gaining Momentum Over Medium Term As Earnings Cycle Broadens: ReportExclusive: 2,334-Page Affidavit Exposes How Govt Batted For Mining Of Critical Minerals At Aravalli RangeROHM–Tata Electronics Tie Up to Boost India’s Power Semiconductor ManufacturingItaly Regulator Fines Apple $115 Million For Alleged App Store Privacy ViolationsIndia-New Zealand FTA: 5 Key Sectors To Benefit Amid Deepening Economic TiesZero-Duty Access, Services Mobility To Boost Indian Exports And Jobs Following India-New Zealand FTARaphinha And Lamine Yamal Score As La Liga leader Barcelona Beat VillarrealHow Many Matches Bruno Fernandes Will Miss? Manchester United Boss Ruben Amorim Provides Concerning Injury Update After Aston Villa LossIndia-New Zealand FTA: Five Key Takeaways After PM Modi’s Call With NZ CounterpartAnother DGCA Lifeline: IndiGo Secures Third Extension On Turkish Airlines Lease, Raising Questions Over Post-Operation Sindoor PromisesIndia-New Zealand Announce Free Trade Agreement; PM Modi Holds Telephonic Conversation With CounterpartGurgaon Woman Allegedly Harassed By Rapido Cab Driver, Dropped Her Off Mid-Ride; Accused Arrested‘I Feel Hopeless’: Gujarat Student, Forcibly Recruited Into Russian Army, Sends SOS Video From UkraineOil Up On News The US Intercepted An Oil Tanker Off Venezuela‘It Was Indian BrahMos Banging’: Asim Munir Trolled Over Receiving ‘Divine Help’ During Operation Sindoor ClaimGold Hits Record High On US Fed Rate-Cut Bets; Silver Scales Fresh PeakRally In Indian Markets, Nifty Up 0.6% And Sensex Jumps 500 Pts In Opening But Tariff Concerns Persist: ExpertsBREAKING: Delhi-Mumbai Air India Flight Makes Emergency Landing After Mid-Air Engine ShutdownDomestic Stock Market Fund Raising Remains Strong In FY26; 83 Companies Raise Rs 1.3 Lakh Crore Till Nov: NSE ReportDelhi Pollution Woes: Slight Improvement As Air Quality Remains In ‘Very Poor’ Category, ‘Severe’ In PocketsRupee Set To Slip After RBI’s Double Strike Fuelled Biggest Rally In Six MonthsSensex, Nifty 50 To Open Higher On Rate-Cut Bets, Foreign InflowsRBI May Further Cut Repo Rate By 25 Bps To 5% In February Policy Meet: UBI ReportJammu On Alert: Combing Operation Underway At Railway Station After Chinese-Made Rifle Scope Found Near NIA Headquarters‘Give Me Money Or…’: Online Friend Accused of Sexual Harassment, Blackmail; Bengaluru Woman Attempts SuicideCongress Protests Against VB-G RAM G Act Across Country; Says BJP Cutting ‘Lifeline Of Poor’Bihar Acid Attack: 37-Year-Old Woman Suffers Severe Burn Injuries After Assault In MokamaSecurity Alert In Jammu: Chinese-Made Rifle Scope Recovered Near NIA HeadquartersDhaka Rejects New Delhi’s Statement On Protest Outside Bangladesh High CommissionMaharashtra: 16, including NCP-Ajit Pawar Faction Workers, Injured As Fire Breaks Out During Local Poll Victory Celebrations Near Jejuri TempleOffice Timings Changed, WFH Advisory Issued In Gurugram As Air Quality Worsens‘Trust In Vision Of People-Centric Development’: PM Modi Thanks Voters As BJP Sweeps Maharashtra And Arunachal Pradesh Local ElectionsPower Play In Maharashtra: BJP Emerges As Single-Largest Party In Local Body Polls; CM Thanks People For Decisive Victory‘This Is Just A Trailer’: Fadnavis As Mahayuti Sweeps Maharashtra Local Body PollsBarcelona Rocked by Injury News as Andreas Christensen Ruled Out With ACL Damage‘Red Sacred Thread, Links With RAW: Days After Dipu Chandra’s Killing, Bangladesh Mob Brutally Assaults Hindu Rickshaw DriverEgypt Coach Confident Mohamed Salah Will Rise to the Occasion at AFCON Despite Liverpool CrisisPratapgarh Shocker: Man Lures 9-Year-Old Girl To Deserted Spot, Tries To Rape HerIndia’s Dhakshineswar Suresh Inspires Aussie Mavericks Kites to World Tennis League 2025 ChampionshipPresident Droupadi Murmu Gives Assent To Viksit Bharat; Guarantee For Rozgar And Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Bill, 2025‘Casteist Slurs, Threat To Family’: Air India Express Pilot Responds To Assault AllegationDouble-Engine Government Solving Problems Created By Congress In Assam: PM Modi‘Stop Spreading Misinformation’: Govt Issues Clarification On Aravallis Order, Says ‘Only 0.19% Range Eligible For Mining’Girona vs Atletico Madrid Live Streaming: When And Where To Watch La Liga Match In India?Villarreal vs FC Barcelona Live Streaming: When And Where To Watch La Liga Match In India?Asian Football Confederation To Launch AFC Nations League‘Misleading Propaganda… No Attempt To Breach Fence’: India Rejects Media Reports On Protest Outside Bangladesh High Commission‘Hit with Pipe, Belt’, Differently Abled Teen Thrashed by Boarding School Owners, Disturbing Video SurfaceLiverpool Manager Arne Slot Provides Injury Update On Alexander Isak After Spurs Clash In Premier LeagueHeidenheim vs Bayern Munich Live Streaming: When And Where To Watch Bundesliga Match In India?Will India’s MHCV Industry Regain Momentum Next Year? Nomura Weighs InIndian Railways To Rationalise Ticket Fares From Dec 26; Rs 600 Crore Revenue Boost ExpectedMikel Arteta Insists He Has ‘Belief and Confidence’ in Arsenal’s Premier League Title Bid After Everton Win2 Balloons Marked ‘SGA Pakistan’, Pak Currency Recovered From Jammu and Kashmir, Probe UnderwayBiker Killed On Spot As Speeding Car Rams Into Motorcycle In Karnataka’s HaveriJaish-e-Mohammed Terrorists Barge Into J-K Civilian Home for Food; Search Operation UnderwayStrong Fundamentals To Keep India Among Fastest-Growing Major Economies: ReportManchester United vs Aston Villa Live Streaming: When And Where To Watch Premier League Match In India?Will Musk Be The Only Trillionaire Club Member? Tesla CEO’s Net Worth Surpasses $700 Billion MarkKylian Mbappe Matches ‘Idol’ Cristiano Ronaldo’s Real Madrid Record, Pays Heartfelt Tribute To CR7: ‘My Celebration Is For Him’PM Modi Pays Homage To Martyrs Of Assam Movement At Swahid Smarak Kshetra In GuwahatiMan With Rs 1 Lakh Bounty Shot Dead In Late Night Encounter With UP Police‘Who Are Your Children Friends With?’ J-K Police Launch Awareness Drive Against Online Radicalization After Red Fort BlastTwo Flights Cancelled as Dense Fog Disrupts Flight Operations in AyodhyaDelhi Pollution Worsens: AQI Shoots Up To 438, Thick Blanket OF Smog Blankets CityIndiGo Warns Of Flight Disruptions Due To Fog In Delhi And Northern India, Issues AdvisoryDelhi Traffic Police Crack Down On Polluting Vehicles, 2686 Fines Issued For Violations‘Major Boost To Assam’s Infrastructure, Tourism’: PM Modi After Inaugurating New Guwahati Airport Terminal612 Industries Face Closure Action: Delhi Minister Warns Of Further Crackdown On Violators During GRAP-IV
Fri. Dec 26th, 2025

‘High AQI Can Even Cause Lung Cancer’: ENT Specialist Rubbishes Centre’s ‘No Correlation’ Remark

New Delhi: Days after the Union Minister of State for Environment Kirti Vardhan Singh gave a jaw-dropping statement in Parliament that there is no conclusive data establishing a direct correlation between higher air quality index (AQI) levels and lung diseases, Senior ENT Special

Read More

    • Daily Republic News

    Related Posts

    NDA Sweeps Goa Zilla Panchayat Polls, PM Modi Thanks People
    NDA Sweeps Goa Zilla Panchayat Polls, PM Modi Thanks People

    Panaji: Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Monday congratulated the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) workers for securing huge wins in the zilla panchayat polls and beating their previous record of 20 seats in the 2022 assembly polls.As of 7 PM, in the 50-member Zilla panchayat bo Read More

    Continue reading
    Unexploded Shell Found in Poonch, Area Cordoned Off; Terror Associate Arrested in Separate Operation
    Unexploded Shell Found in Poonch, Area Cordoned Off; Terror Associate Arrested in Separate Operation

    Poonch:  Security forces were put on alert on Monday after an unexploded shell was found in the Seri Kangra area of Mendhar in Jammu and Kashmir’s Poonch district, prompting immediate preventive action to ensure civilian safety.According to officials, the shell was noticed in a r Read More

    Continue reading

    Leave a Reply

    Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

    You Missed

    1
    NDA Sweeps Goa Zilla Panchayat Polls, PM Modi Thanks People
    India
    NDA Sweeps Goa Zilla Panchayat Polls, PM Modi Thanks People
    2
    Unexploded Shell Found in Poonch, Area Cordoned Off; Terror Associate Arrested in Separate Operation
    India
    Unexploded Shell Found in Poonch, Area Cordoned Off; Terror Associate Arrested in Separate Operation
    3
    Kashmir University Suspends Faculty After FIR Over Defamation, Obscenity Allegations
    India
    Kashmir University Suspends Faculty After FIR Over Defamation, Obscenity Allegations
    4
    New Bridges Strengthen India’s LAC Position Amid China Tensions
    India
    New Bridges Strengthen India’s LAC Position Amid China Tensions
    5
    Industry Leaders Cheer India-NZ FTA: FICCI, PHDCCI Hail Zero-Duty Exports, Viksit Bharat Boost
    Business
    Industry Leaders Cheer India-NZ FTA: FICCI, PHDCCI Hail Zero-Duty Exports, Viksit Bharat Boost
    6
    Gold Loans Surge 128% to ₹3.38 Lakh Cr: RBI Flags Household Shift to Asset-Backed Borrowing
    Business
    Gold Loans Surge 128% to ₹3.38 Lakh Cr: RBI Flags Household Shift to Asset-Backed Borrowing